Physical activity-related indicators in children and adolescents in Uruguay: A scoping review based on the Global Matrix initiative.

Background: The first Uruguay's Report Card in 2018 based on the Global Matrix initiative showed the lack of information on physical activity in children and adolescents. This study mapped and examined the available evidence on physical activity-related indicators based on Uruguay's 2022 Report Card. Methods: The scoping review was reported using the Joanna Briggs Institute and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines. A comprehensive literature search was performed for the period between 2018 and 2021, including electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, LILACS, Scielo, and Latindex), gray literature (Google Scholar, open access thesis, relevant websites of State-agencies and International Organizations), national and regional relevant journals, and reference lists of key texts. Two researchers independently conducted both the selection and data-charting process. Data items from each paper were charted based on the Population, Concept, and Context elements reflected in the objective of the review. A narrative synthesis and network plots were conducted to summarize the evidence. Results: A total of 20 papers were included in this review, consisting of four peer-reviewed scientific papers, three bachelor's theses, four official documents of State-agencies, four Government reports, of which three included national surveys, and five laws. Strengths, weaknesses, and knowledge gaps were identified from the available evidence. We synthesized main challenges such as publishing scientific studies, establishing cross-national and cross-sectoral collaborations in research projects, generating high-quality data, reporting information on social inequality indicators that influence equitable distribution, or increasing access to public information. Our results support early emerging and growth research on this topic. However, despite existing papers on physical activity-related indicators in Uruguayan youths, the lack of high-quality evidence remains clear. Conclusion: The findings of this scoping review provide the best available evidence for identifying and overcoming the challenges of physical activity-related indicators research in Uruguay. The methodological framework used could be useful for countries involved in future editions of the Global Matrix initiative. Systematic review registration: Open Science Framework, https://osf.io/hstbd/.

Actividad física basada en dispositivos versus autorreporte en estudiantes universitarios uruguayos / Device-based monitoring in physical activity versus self-report in Uruguayan university students / Atividade física baseada em dispositivos versus atividade física autorreferida em estudantes universitários uruguaios

Resumen: Introducción: la medición precisa de la actividad física (AF) es clave para analizar su asociación con resultados de salud. Sin embargo, en Uruguay no existen estudios que comparen diferentes métodos para determinar la AF en adultos. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la confiabilidad del Cuestionario Internacional de Actividad Física (IPAQ) en estudiantes universitarios uruguayos y evaluar su validez concurrente en comparación con la AF basada en dispositivos. Método: 54 estudiantes universitarios de educación física completaron el IPAQ (versión larga) en dos ocasiones con 7 días de diferencia y utilizaron acelerómetros GeneActiv durante ese período. La confiabilidad se evaluó a través del Coeficiente de Correlación Intraclase (ICC) y se utilizó el análisis de Bland-Altman para determinar la validez concurrente. Resultados: todos los dominios de AF mostraron niveles moderados de ICC. El transporte (ICC = 0,64), el tiempo libre (ICC = 0,58), y la AF total (ICC = 0,53) fueron los dominios con niveles moderados más altos. El total de minutos de AF evaluados a través del IPAQ en las dos ocasiones reportó un promedio de 773 minutos de diferencia (IC 95% 362,88-1.184,01). La diferencia de minutos de AF entre la evaluación con el IPAQ y con los acelerómetros es de 752 minutos (IC 95% 418,05-1.087.16). Conclusiones: el IPAQ sobreestima la AF respecto al acelerómetro en estudiantes universitarios uruguayos, sin embargo fue más confiable al considerar dominios de transporte y tiempo libre para los participantes que reportaron realizar un promedio menor a 400 minutos de AF semanal.

Summary: Introduction: precise measurement of physical activity (PA) is key to analyze its association with health results. However, there are no studies in Uruguay comparing the different methods to determine PA in adults. The study aims to analyze the reliability of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) in Uruguayan university students and to assess its validity by comparing it to device-based monitoring PA. Method: 54 Physical Education university students completed the IPAQ (long version) on 2 occasions with a 7 day difference using GeneActive accelerometers during that period. Reliability was assessed with the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) and the Bland-Altman analysis was used to determine concurrent validity. Results: all PA domains evidenced moderate ICC levels. Transport (ICC= 0.64), free time (ICC= 0.58) and total PA (ICC= 0.53) were the domains with the highest moderate levels. The total number of minutes of PA assessed by IPAQ reported an average of a 773 minutes difference (CI 95%: 362.88; 1184.01). Difference of PA in minutes, considering the assessment with the IPAQ and the accelerometers is 752 minutes (CI 95%: 418.05; 1087.16). Conclusions: the IPAQ overestimates the PA when compared to the accelerometer in Uruguayan university students. However, it was more reliable when considering the transport and free time domains for participants who reported an average physical activity under 400 minutes per week.

Resumo: Introdução: a mensuração precisa da atividade física (AF) é fundamental para analisar sua associação com desfechos de saúde. No entanto, no Uruguai não existem estudos que comparem diferentes métodos para determinar a AF em adultos. Objetivo: analisar a confiabilidade do Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física (IPAQ) em estudantes universitários uruguaios e avaliar sua validade concorrente em comparação com a AF baseada em dispositivos. Método: 54 estudantes universitários de Educação Física preencheram o IPAQ (versão longa) em 2 ocasiões com 7 dias de intervalo e usaram acelerômetros GeneActiv durante esse período. A confiabilidade foi avaliada por meio do Coeficiente de Correlação Intraclasse (ICC) e a análise de Bland-Altman foi utilizada para determinar a validade concorrente. Resultados: todos os domínios da AF apresentaram níveis moderados de ICC. Transporte (ICC = 0,64), tempo livre (ICC = 0,58) e AF total (ICC = 0,53) foram os domínios com os níveis moderados mais altos. O total de minutos de AF avaliados pelo IPAQ em ambas as ocasiões apresentou diferença média de 773 minutos (IC 95%: 362,88; 1184,01). A diferença em minutos de AF entre a avaliação com o IPAQ e com os acelerômetros é de 752 minutos (IC 95%: 418,05; 1087,16). Conclusões: o IPAQ superestima a AF em relação ao acelerômetro em universitários uruguaios, porém, foi mais confiável ao considerar os domínios transporte e tempo livre para participantes que relataram realizar em média menos de 400 minutos de AF por semana.

Beneficios de los videojuegos activos sobre parámetros de aptitud física relacionada con la salud: un comentario en tiempos de cuarentena / Benefits of active videogames on health-related physical fitness parameters: Commentary in the times of quarantine / Benefícios dos videogames ativos nos parâmetros de condicionamento físico relacionados à saúde: um comentário em tempos de quarentena

Resumen: En la actualidad estamos viviendo una pandemia provocada por el virus del SARS-CoV-2, el COVID-19, siendo lo más recomendado quedarse en casa para disminuir el contagio y que éste se reduzca al mínimo posible. En el siglo XXI la tecnología está más presente que nunca y forma parte de nuestra vida cotidiana. Dado que existe un importante abuso de aquélla, especialmente por parte de los adolescentes, desde nuestra perspectiva promotora del movimiento y de la reducción del comportamiento sedentario, proponemos el uso de los videojuegos activos como sustitución de los videojuegos convencionales. Para ello, se han revisado los principales beneficios que éstos pueden aportar, tanto a la población más joven como a los adultos mayores. Este último grupo de edad es uno de los más afectados por la pandemia y por tanto hay una fuerte recomendación para que permanezcan en sus hogares. No obstante, se recomienda hacer un uso responsable y no invertir un tiempo excesivo que pueda conllevar perjuicios.

Summary: We are currently living the SARS CoV2, COVID-19 pandemic, the highest recommendation being to stay at home to reduce the risk of contagion and thus disease transmission to the minimum. More than ever, technology is part of our daily life in this 21st century. Given the significant abuse of technology, in particular by adolescents, and considering our perspective that is grounded on promoting movement and reducing a sedentary lifestyle, we suggest using active videogames to substitute conventional ones. To that end, we have conducted a review of the main benefits of videogames on the younger population, as well as on older adults, who constitute one of the most affected sectors by the pandemic and were consequently strongly encouraged to stay at home. However, a recommendation is made to make a responsible use of active videogames and avoid investing excessive time, what may result in a negative impact.

Resumo: No momento vivemos uma pandemia causada pelo vírus SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, sendo o mais recomendado ficar em casa para reduzir o contágio e que este seja reduzido ao mínimo possível. No século 21, a tecnologia está mais presente do que nunca e faz parte do nosso dia a dia. Tendo em vista que há significativo abuso da mesma, principalmente por adolescentes, na nossa perspectiva que promove o movimento e a redução do comportamento sedentário, propomos o uso de videogames ativos em substituição aos videogames convencionais. Para isso, fizemos uma revisão dos principais benefícios que estas podem trazer, tanto para a população mais jovem como para os idosos. Esta última faixa etária é uma das mais afetadas pela pandemia e, portanto, há uma forte recomendação para que fiquem em casa. No entanto, é recomendável usá-lo com responsabilidade e não investir tempo excessivo que possa causar danos.

Concordancia entre dos ecuaciones para estimar el porcentaje de grasa corporal en deportistas universitarios de competición / Concordance between two equations to estimate the percentage of body fatin competitive college athletes

INTRODUCCIÓN: Hoy en día, algunas ecuaciones para estimar el porcentaje de grasa corporal (%GC) en deportistas son aquellas en donde se emplean 4 y 6 pliegues subcutáneos y, de acuerdo a la ecuación representará un tiempo importante en la ejecución de mediciones acelerando o no éste proceso y teniendo la posibilidad de medir a más o menos sujetos. Se pretende así como objetivo conocer el nivel de concordancia entre el %GC mediante dos ecuaciones antropométricas específicas para deportistas: Faulkner (1968) y Carter (1982). Material y MÉTODOS: Se seleccionaron 147 deportistas de diferentes disciplinas midiéndose 6 pliegues cutáneos. Para los análisis estadísticos se emplearon los métodos de Bland-Altman y el de correlación intraclase para el nivel de concordancia, el test de Kappa de Cohen para el grado de acuerdo entre categorías y la t de Student. RESULTADOS: En las mujeres los promedios de los modelos empleados no presentaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas (P=0,28) más, en los hombres si hubo diferencias (p < 0,000), las mujeres obtuvieron un nivel de concordancia muy bueno y un valor de bias de 1,22; en tanto que en el grupo de hombres se presenta una buena concordancia y un valor de bias de 3,39 y, de acuerdo al análisis Kappa, se muestra un grado de acuerdo alto y muy alto entre categorías de las mujeres, sucediendo lo contrario en el grupo de hombres, en donde se han obtenido índices Kappa muy bajos a moderados. CONCLUSIONES: Ambos modelos pueden ser intercambiables en las mujeres, para los hombres se recomienda el uso de cada ecuación dentro del grupo específico de donde se desarrolló

INTRODUCTION: Nowadays, some equations to estimate the percentage of body fat (%BF) in athletes are those where 4 and 6 subcutaneous folds are used and, according to the equation, it will represent an important time in the execution of measurements accelerating or not this process and having the possibility of measuring more or less subjects. It is thus intended as an objective to know the level of concordance between the %BF through two anthropometric equations specific to athletes: Faulkner (1968) and Carter (1982). MATERIAL AND METHODS: 147 athletes from different disciplines were selected measuring 6 skin folds. For the statistical analyzes, the Bland-Altman methods and the intraclass correlation method were used for the level of concordance, the Cohen Kappa test for the degree of agreement between categories and the student t. RESULTS: In women the averages of the models used did not show statistically significant differences (P = 0.28) more, in men if there were differences (p <0.000), the women obtained a very good level of concordance and a value of 1.22 bias; while in the group of men there is a good concordance and a value of bias of 3.39 and, according to the Kappa analysis, a high and very high degree of agreement between categories of women is shown, the opposite happening in the group of men, where very low to moderate Kappa indices have been obtained. CONCLUSIONS: Both models can be interchangeable in women, for men it is recommended to use each equation within the specific group from which it was developed